LEGACY OF LIES: EL SALVADOR 1981-1984
AFGHANISTAN: A DISTANT WAR
AFGHANISTAN: RESTORING SPIRIT & STONE
UNITED STATES: GREENPOINT
UNITED STATES: SEX TRAFFICKING
- Vice in Los Angeles
- Survivors of Human Trafficking
VIETNAM: AFTER THE WAR
BRAZIL: GOLD RUSH
EL SALVADOR: STATE OF EXEMPTION
GUATEMALA: SCORCHED EARTH

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Robert Nickelsberg

LEGACY OF LIES: EL SALVADOR 1981-1984
AFGHANISTAN: A DISTANT WAR
AFGHANISTAN: RESTORING SPIRIT & STONE
UNITED STATES: GREENPOINT
UNITED STATES: SEX TRAFFICKING
- Vice in Los Angeles
- Survivors of Human Trafficking
VIETNAM: AFTER THE WAR
BRAZIL: GOLD RUSH
EL SALVADOR: STATE OF EXEMPTION
GUATEMALA: SCORCHED EARTH

About
Media
Contact

Guatemala in Black & White

The winner of the 1982 presidential elections, General Ángel Aníbal Guevara, center, seated, looks on with political party leaders at a press conference March 25, 1982 following a military coup d’état March 23, 1982 in Guatemala City, Guatemala. Gen

General Efraín Ríos Montt arrives for a ceremony at the National Palace in Guatemala City, Guatemala, October 20, 1982. Ríos Montt assumed control through a military coup d’état on March 23, 1982. His 17-month term as de facto head of state, in whic

Evangelical Protestants pray during a service in Guatemala City, Guatemala, January 1, 1983. Evangelical Protestantism reached new heights of popularity in Guatemala under General Efraín Ríos Montt, the conservative anti-communist military general w

Chief of staff of the Guatemalan Army General Benedicto Lucas García addresses a press conference to denounce claims of fraud during the presidential elections held two days prior, Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 9, 1982.

A military-style band marches near the National Palace during a ceremony with General Efraín Ríos Montt in Guatemala City, Guatemala, October 20, 1982. Ríos Montt assumed control through a military coup d’état on March 23, 1982.

Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, PAC, were co

A dirt road winds through the highlands of San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. The town was in turmoil after a battle the day before between guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, EGP, and the Guatemalan Armed Forces.

Local residents watch as Guatemalan army soldiers show captured banners made by militant guerrilla group Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, EGP, in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982.

A civilian is checked for weapons by Guatemalan army soldiers outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1981 the Lucas García military regime and the Guatemalan army initiated a brutal counterinsurgency program of scorched ea

An extended Maya family stands for a photograph in the rural highlands of Quiché, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict lasting from 1960 to 1996, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly

Members of the Knights of Columbus in formal dress attend the funeral ceremony for Mario Casariego y Acevedo, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Guatemala, who died of a heart attack two days prior in Guatemala City, Guatemala, June 17, 1983.

Dignitaries attend the funeral ceremony for Mario Casariego y Acevedo, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Guatemala, who died of a heart attack two days prior in Guatemala City, Guatemala, June 17, 1983.

A classroom of young indigenous Maya girls listen to an instructor at an elementary school in Comalapa, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. The military regime following the 1954 coup had implemented literacy programs for the Maya population to assimilate

A man of Maya descent sits for a picture in Todos Santos, Guatemala, May 15, 1984. In the 36-year domestic armed conflict, an estimated 200,000 people were killed, up to 45,000 civilians were forcibly disappeared, and between 500,000 and 1.5 million

Two armed security guards sit in the back of a vehicle during the political campaign of Alejandro Maldonado Aguire, the presidential candidate from the Democracia Cristiana Guatemalteca, DCG, in rural Quiché department, February 1, 1982.

Local civil defense forces stand for a photograph in the village square in rural Todos Santos, Guatemala, October 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous

A man gets a shoe shine while others congregate outside the local bus terminal in Guatemala City, Guatemala, January 1, 1982.

Two young Maya Ixil women retrieve water following an attack by armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, EGP, on the Guatemalan Army's regional garrison in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas at

Army soldiers check the identity cards of bus passengers along the Pan American Highway to Chichicastenango, Guatemala, March 1, 1982. In 1981 the Lucas García military regime and the Guatemalan army initiated a brutal counterinsurgency program of s

Guatemalan army soldiers direct a suspected leftist guerrilla into a building for interrogation in the military compound in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 1, 1982. Santa Cruz del Quiché was used as a base of operations for the Guatemalan

Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers form patrols to search for armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, EGP, following a battle the day before in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982.

Guatemalan Army chief of staff General Benedicto Lucas García stands in front of the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 1, 1982. President Romeo Lucas García appointed his brother Benedicto Lucas García as chief

Clara Luz Brito Raymundo, 8 years, stands for a picture wearing a traditional Maya Ixil head dress in Nebaj, Guatemala, May 1, 1984. Nebaj forms part of the Ixil community along with neighboring towns San Juan Cotzal and San Gaspar Chajul in the Qui

Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982.

Two men load sugarcane stalks into a press to extract juice in rural Escuintla department, Guatemala, January 1, 1983. Guatemala is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and exporters of sugar.

Guatemalan Army soldiers and local civilians clear a section of the Pan American Highway blocked by felled trees during the ongoing civil war, Los Encuentros, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. The trees were downed in protest by the guerrilla group Ejército

Guatemalan Armed Forces soldiers form patrols to search for armed guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, EGP, following a battle the day before in San Juan Cotzal, Guatemala, January 20, 1982.

Guatemalan Army soldiers prepare to fire on indigenous Maya civilians from a U.S.-made Bell helicopter flown by Guatemalan Army chief of staff Benedicto Lucas García near Los Encuentros, Guatemala, January 21, 1982. Lucas García claimed if the local

Indigenous Maya civilians stand in line to vote in Guatemala's national elections in Sololá, Guatemala, March 7, 1982. Various opposition parties were running in the elections against the civilian candidate Ángel Aníbal Guevara, the chosen successor

Local residents and members of civil defense patrols help reconstruct a bridge destroyed by guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, EGP, with Guatemalan army engineers in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, October 1, 1982.

Police and fire department workers attend to a dead paramilitary bank guard who was shot and killed in downtown Guatemala City, Guatemala on January 1, 1982. The guard was shot by an unknown assailant and it was presumed to be an assassination. The

Civilians watch as General Efraín Ríos Montt arrives for a ceremony at the National Palace in Guatemala City, Guatemala, October 20, 1982. His 17-month term as de facto head of state, in which he installed a military regime, dissolved the congress,